Skip to main content

Minjok

The “minjok” (민족, 民族) is a key concept for all Korea watchers, but can be difficult to slot neatly into Western frameworks of statehood and nationality. The concept of “minjok” arose contemporaneous to Woodrow Wilson’s “self-determination,” the idea that a people sharing an established territory, common language, history, culture, and race have a right to sovereignty and statehood. This last point is perhaps the most controversial since it fails to account for ethnically heterogeneous melting-pot nations, including the United States itself. The early notion of Korean nationhood that arose during the Korean Independence movement focused on these shared characteristics of Korean-ness, especially race (perhaps in direct response to the race-based rhetoric of the Japanese colonizers). The Korean minjok is an ideal of the Korean people, an ethnically homogeneous group that despite a long history of influence under the Chinese and Japanese remained ethnically pure with a distinct language and culture on the Korean peninsula.

While the Wilsonian idea of self-determination would suggest that the two sides of the peninsula are now sufficiently divided in matters of politics, language, and culture to be truly two states, the race-rooted concept of minjok holds firm that the Korean people ought to be united and that facts of cultural and political differences are insubstantial in the face of a deeper and immutable commonality. This concept can be difficult to understand as an American with our own conceptions of race and nationhood, but it is important to understand to grasp one of the underlying compulsions for reunification, regardless of whether one “agrees” with the minjok concept. The concept is also notably used by both North and South and the term appears in reunification related media like South Korea’s “Hanminjok (One Minjok) radio” and North Korea’s “Uriminzokkiri (Just Between Our Minjok)” news site.

Comments

Best click

Two States on the Korean Peninsula: Rethinking Inter-Korean Relations

  * In August 1945, despite the joy of liberation, the Korean Peninsula was divided by the great powers into North and South along the 38th parallel. ,  @IL Young Jeong Il Young Jeong Senior Research Fellow_Institute of Social Science_Sogang University On August 15, President Lee Jae-myung, in his address marking the 80th anniversary of Korea’s Liberation, stated that “the South and the North are in a special relationship in which both sides should respect and recognize each other’s systems, while pursuing peaceful unification.” He further emphasized that “the South respects the current system in the North, will not seek any form of unification by absorption, and has no intention of engaging in hostile acts.” In relation to this, on August 13, the National Policy Planning Committee, which finalized the state agenda of the Lee administration, proposed the task of “redefining inter-Korean relations on the basis of reconciliation and cooperation and institutionalizing peaceful co...

Let’s Ask the Next Generation About Peace on the Korean Peninsula

  * South Korea’s Unification Minister Chung Dong-young speaks at the ‘Youth Peace and Future Dialogue’ held on August 12. ⓒ Ministry of Unification Il Young Jeong Senior Research Fellow_Institute of Social Science_Sogang University “A New Era of Peaceful Coexistence and Shared Growth on the Korean Peninsula” This was the vision for the peninsula’s future laid out by President Lee Jae-myung in his Liberation Day address on August 15, marking the 80th anniversary of Korea’s independence. For many, it may feel distant and unrealistic, given how completely inter-Korean relations remain stuck. Yet, when we recall the damage done under the Yoon Suk-yeol administration, it’s true that this new vision stirs fresh hope. Inter-Korean relations haven’t even gotten off the ground, but there is no doubt that a different kind of opportunity is opening up. The Lee administration — elected by a people who stood strong against the December 3, 2024 martial law — now speaks of a “people-centered” No...

Peace and democracy on the Korean Peninsula are inseparable

  * The tense atmosphere at Panmunjom in the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) .   @iStock Il Young Jeong Research Professor_Institute of Social Science_Sogang University As we enter 2025, South Korea faces a grave domestic and international situation. President Yoon Suk-yeol's attempt to impose martial law and incite rebellion at the end of 2024 plunged the nation into shock but ultimately failed due to the united resistance of the people. However, the resulting turmoil has continued into 2025. Even more shocking is the fact that the rebellious forces attempted to provoke North Korea to justify the imposition of martial law. The government, which should be safeguarding national security and pursuing peace on the Korean Peninsula, sought to undermine democracy by exploiting the weakest links of the division system. Reflecting on this series of shocking events, we are once again painfully reminded that peace and democracy on the Korean Peninsula are inseparable. However, we cannot remai...